IMAGING OF CEPHALGIA
Dr. Patricia Jorizal, SpRad
Radiology Department
Siloam Hospitals Kebon Jeruk
Cephalgia ?
Pain in the head that located above the eyes or the ears, behind the head or in the back of the upper neck.
Type :
1. Primary (migraine, tension, cluster)
2. Secondary (tumors, stroke, meningitis, etc)
Causes ?
Primary : not associated with (caused by) other disease
Migraine à vasodilatation & release of chemicals from nerve fibers around blood vessels.
Tension excess stress/hectic day.
Cluster no clear cause, precipitate by alcohol & cigarettes.
Causes ?
Secondary : caused by associated disease
Tumor or metastasis in the brain
Subdural hematoma à ruptured veins after trauma ; elderly
Epidural hematoma ruptured arteries as the results of skull fractures
Infections meningitis, tuberculosis
Strokes
Subarachnoid hemorrhage aneurysm
Sinusitis
Sudden onset of severe high blood pressure
Radiology Imaging
Conventional X-ray
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Waters
DSCT (Dual Source CT)
CT Contrast Agents
Intravenous contrast à iodinated
Differentiate blood vessels vs. vascular internal organs
What is MRI?
MRI is short for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. MRA [Magnetic Resonance Angiography] is also a kind of MRI.
MRI is an advanced technology that lets the doctor see internal organs, blood vessels, muscles, joints, tumors, areas of infection, and more -- without x-rays, surgery, or pain. MRI is very safe, no known harmful effects. It's important to know that MRI will not expose to any radiation.
How should patient get ready for the exam?
No special preparation is needed.
However, there may be some circumstances in which you'll be given specific instructions to follow before the exam à fasting 4 hours for abdominal examination
Make a appointment 1 day before the exam …
Disadvantages
Slow scan acquisition produce an artifacts due to biological motion i.e. cardiac, vascular respiratory excursion, etc
Patient experience claustrophobia due to small bore of the magnet
Strong static magnetic field interferes the proper function of the usual life-support equipment
Restrictions for the exam ?
A pacemaker
Aneurysm clips
Cochlear implants
A neuro-stimulator (Tens-unit)
Metal implants
Steel surgical staples or clips
An implanted drug infusion device
Any implant made partially or wholly of iron or steel
Coins
Jewelry
Watches
Keys
Dentures or partial plates
Hearing aids
à Metal objects made of iron or steel can interfere with the exam
à Magnetic waves can also erase the code on bank cards and credit cards
How long does the scan take?
The exam can last from 30 minutes to usually no more than an hour.
Dr. Patricia Jorizal, SpRad
Radiology Department
Siloam Hospitals Kebon Jeruk
Cephalgia ?
Pain in the head that located above the eyes or the ears, behind the head or in the back of the upper neck.
Type :
1. Primary (migraine, tension, cluster)
2. Secondary (tumors, stroke, meningitis, etc)
Causes ?
Primary : not associated with (caused by) other disease
Migraine à vasodilatation & release of chemicals from nerve fibers around blood vessels.
Tension excess stress/hectic day.
Cluster no clear cause, precipitate by alcohol & cigarettes.
Causes ?
Secondary : caused by associated disease
Tumor or metastasis in the brain
Subdural hematoma à ruptured veins after trauma ; elderly
Epidural hematoma ruptured arteries as the results of skull fractures
Infections meningitis, tuberculosis
Strokes
Subarachnoid hemorrhage aneurysm
Sinusitis
Sudden onset of severe high blood pressure
Radiology Imaging
Conventional X-ray
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Waters
DSCT (Dual Source CT)
CT Contrast Agents
Intravenous contrast à iodinated
Differentiate blood vessels vs. vascular internal organs
What is MRI?
MRI is short for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. MRA [Magnetic Resonance Angiography] is also a kind of MRI.
MRI is an advanced technology that lets the doctor see internal organs, blood vessels, muscles, joints, tumors, areas of infection, and more -- without x-rays, surgery, or pain. MRI is very safe, no known harmful effects. It's important to know that MRI will not expose to any radiation.
How should patient get ready for the exam?
No special preparation is needed.
However, there may be some circumstances in which you'll be given specific instructions to follow before the exam à fasting 4 hours for abdominal examination
Make a appointment 1 day before the exam …
Disadvantages
Slow scan acquisition produce an artifacts due to biological motion i.e. cardiac, vascular respiratory excursion, etc
Patient experience claustrophobia due to small bore of the magnet
Strong static magnetic field interferes the proper function of the usual life-support equipment
Restrictions for the exam ?
A pacemaker
Aneurysm clips
Cochlear implants
A neuro-stimulator (Tens-unit)
Metal implants
Steel surgical staples or clips
An implanted drug infusion device
Any implant made partially or wholly of iron or steel
Coins
Jewelry
Watches
Keys
Dentures or partial plates
Hearing aids
à Metal objects made of iron or steel can interfere with the exam
à Magnetic waves can also erase the code on bank cards and credit cards
How long does the scan take?
The exam can last from 30 minutes to usually no more than an hour.
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